Trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) en pacientes con traumatismo encéfalo craneano (TEC) / Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients following traumatic brain injury

Introduction: Controversy exists as to whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and course of a group of patients that developed PTSD following a work-related TBI. Methods: Clinical records of patients with PTSD treated in Hospital del Trabajador between years 1987 and 2001 were examined. Those cases in which a TBI had occurred were selected and compared with those in which a TBI had not preceded the PTSD. Results: 32 patients were identified as suffering PTSD preceded by TBI. All patients had suffered mild TBI; 62.5% of them as a result of a traffic accident. On average, patients were referred for mental health consultation 70 days after TBI had occurred, and 31.2% of them received specialized treatment for less than three months. When discharged 25% were asymptomatic. When compared with 453 patients suffering PTSD, with no history of previous TBI, treated during the same period, those who had suffered TBI presented a greater proportion of physical lesions, more prolonged treatment periods, and a greater proportion of them were still symptomatic when discharged. Discussion: In a group of patients suffering PTSD, history of mild TBI was a factor associated with a worse prognosis.

Se ha discutido la aparición del TEPT en pacientes que han presentado un TEC. Aunque algunos autores señalan que ambos diagnósticos no pueden coexistir (ya que la amnesia post TEC impediría el procesamiento de la experiencia traumática), otros refieren que no existen diferencias en cuanto a la frecuencia y clínica del diagnóstico de TEPT al comparar pacientes con y sin TEC. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y terapéuticas en un grupo de pacientes accidentados del trabajo que han presentado un TEPT después de un TEC. Método: Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de TEPT entre los años 1987 y 2001, se seleccionaron aquéllas en que el TEPT fue posterior a un TEC y se recolectaron las variables en estudio. Además se compararon los resultados con la población de pacientes con TEPT que no había presentado TEC. Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 32 pacientes con TEC leve (62,5% posterior a un accidente de tránsito). Los pacientes fueron derivados a Salud Mental en promedio a los 70 días del accidente; el tratamiento duró 3 meses o menos en el 31,2% de ellos y sólo el 25% estuvo asintomático al momento del alta. En comparación con un grupo de 453 pacientes con TEPT de diverso origen, los pacientes con TEPT y TEC se caracterizaron por haber sido derivados más tardíamente a salud mental, haber sufrido más accidentes de tránsito, haber presentado más lesiones físicas asociadas y haber requerido un tratamiento más prolongado. Conclusiones: En esta muestra de pacientes con TEPT y TEC este último diagnóstico constituyó un factor de peor pronóstico en la evolución del TEPT.

Síntomas depresivos posinfarto al miocardio: detección precoz en una población hospitalizada / Depressive symptoms after an acute myocardial infarction

Background: Depression after myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent disorder and it increases the long-term risk of cardiac mortality. Aim: To assess the frequency of depressive symptoms and the history of depression in hospitalized post-MI patients. Patients and Methods: During three months, depressive symptoms and history of depression were studied in 47 consecutive patients (mean age 59,8±9,5 years, 68 percent male), admitted for MI to the Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1) were used with DSM-IV diagnosis criteria. Results: According to the results obtained using the CIDI, 27,7 percent of the patients had a history of depression. This occurred in 53,3 percent of women and 15,6 percent of men (p <0.01). During the hospitalization, 38,3 percent of patients had depressive symptoms (BDI ³ 17 points), affecting 60 percent of women and 28,1 percent of men (p <0.02). In women and patients with history of depression, depressive symptoms tended to be more common and more severe. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms in post-MI patients are frequent and attending physicians should actively detect them.